Avstraliya sahillərinin öyrənilmə tarixi

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Yeni Hollandiyanın xəritəsi. 1644-cü il.

Avstraliyanın öyrənilmə tarixi — Avstraliya qitəsinin sahilləri boyunca hərəkət edən Avropa səyyahlarını apardığı tədqiqatlar və etdiyi kəşflər.

Tarixi[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]

Avstraliya haqqında Avropaya ilk məlumatı XVI əsrdə Portuqaliya dəniz səyyahları gətirmişdilər. Hollandiyalı Villem Yanszon 1606-cı ildə Keyp-York yarımadasının qərb sahilinin şimal hissəsini tədqiq etmişdir. XVII əsrdə Avstraliya sahillərindəki ən böyük kəşfləri, əsasən, Hollandiya dənizçiləri etdiklərindən, materiki Yeni Hollandiya adlandırdıılar. 1618–1622-ci illərdə hollandiyalı dəniz səyyahları Avstraliyanın qərb sahillərinin böyük bir hissəsini kəşf etdilər. 1623-cü ildə Yan Karstens və Villem van Kolstert, 1627-ci ildə Fransua Teysen və Piter Neyts Avstraliyanın sahillərini tədqiq etmişdir. 1642–1643-cü illərdə Abel Tasman Van-Dimen Torpağını (Tasmaniya) və Yeni Zelandiyanı kəşf, 1644-cü ildə isə şimal və şimal-qərb sahillərdə xeyli ərazini tədqiq etmişdir. 1699-cu ildə ingilis dəniz qulduru Uilyam Dampir Avstraliyanın şimal-qərb sahilində bir sıra körfəz və buxtanı kəşf etmişdir. 177-ci ildə ingilis dəniz səyyahı Ceyms Kuk özünün ilk dünya səyahəti zamanı Avstraliyanın şərq sahillərini kəşf etmiş və Torres boğazı ilə Mərcan dənizindən Arafur dənizinə keçmişdir. 1798-ci ildə ingilis Corc Bass, sonralar onun şərəfinə adlandırılmış boğazı kəşf etmişdir. Onu həmyerlisi Metyu Flinders 1798-1803-cü illərdə Böyük Sədd rifini, Karpentariya körfəzini tədqiq və bir sıra körfəzi kəşf etmişdir. Sonralar o, Yeni Hollandiya adının Avstraliya ilə əvəz olunması təklifini vermişdir.[1]

İstinadlar[redaktə | mənbəni redaktə et]

  1. ↑ Австралија. Өјрәнилмә тарихи // Азәрбајҹан Совет Енсиклопедијасы: [10 ҹилддә]. I ҹилд: А—Балзак. Бакы: Азәрбајҹан Совет Енсиклопедијасынын Баш Редаксијасы. Баш редактор: Ҹ. Б. Гулијев. 1976. С. 50–51.

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